New York Philharmonic |

New York Philharmonic

Ko te orchestra symphony tawhito o Amerika. I whakaturia ki New York i te tau 1842 (i te tau 1921 i uru mai te National Orchestra, i te 1928 te New York Symphony Orchestra).

Ko nga rangatira tuatahi o te New York Philharmonic Orchestra ko WK Hill (i whakaturia te New York Philharmonic Society) me ES Timm, katahi ko nga kaitarai - T. Eisfeld (1852-55), K. Bergman (1855-59, 1865- 76), T Ko Thomas (1877-91, ko tana mahi i whai waahi ki te whakawhanaketanga o nga waiata orchestral i Amerika), A. Seidl (1891-98) me E. Paur (1898-1902).

I te tau 1891, i whakahaere a PI Tchaikovsky i te New York Philharmonic Orchestra i te whakatuwheratanga o te whare konohete a Carnegie Hall.

I te 1902-06, he maha nga kaiwaiata rongonui i arahi i te puoro, tae atu ki a L. Damrosh, V. Mengelberg, F. Weingartner, R. Strauss, E. Colonne, i te 1906-09 - he kaiwhakahaere rongonui a Russian VI Safonov, i 1909 - 11 - Ko G. Mahler, nana i whakanui te maha o nga konohete i te wa, i hiki ake nga pukenga whakaari o te kaiwaiata ki te taumata teitei ake. Ko tana whakakapi ko J. Stransky (1911-22), katahi ka whakahaerehia e V. Mengelberg (1922-30), W. Furtwängler (1925-27).

I te 1927-36, ko A. Toscanini te rangatira o te orchestra, i roto i nga tau o tana mahi i riro i te New York Philharmonic Orchestra te rongonui o te ao, i te 1936-43 ko G. Barbirolli te kaiwhakahaere waiata, i te 1951-57 - D. Mitropoulos. I whakahaeretia ano e etahi atu kaiwaiata rongonui - B. Walter, E. Kleiber, O. Klemperer, T. Beecham, L. Stokowski, S. Munsch me etahi atu. I te tau 1958-69 Ch. ko te kaiwhakahaere o te New York Philharmonic Orchestra ko L. Bernstein, mai i te 1971 - P. Boulez.

Ko G. Mahler, ko A. Toscanini me L. Bernstein te mahi nui i te hanganga o te New York Philharmonic Orchestra hei roopu toi, i te hanganga o tana momo mahi whakaari me te whakanui i a ia hei kaiwaiata puoro o te karaehe teitei.

Kaitito AG Rubinstein, A. Dvorak, R. Strauss, C. Saint-Saens, A. Honegger, IF Stravinsky, M. Ravel, J. Enescu, E. Vila Lobos me etahi atu i whakahaere i te New York Philharmonic orchestra i a ratou e mahi ana i te maha o nga waiata. a ratou mahi.

Ko nga kaiwaiata nui rawa atu kua mahi tahi me te kaiwaiata: pianists - I. Paderevsky, A. Schnabel, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev, VS Horowitz, violinists - J. Heifets, DF Oistrakh, J. Szigeti , I. Stern, I. Menuhin me etahi, he kaiwaiata rongonui o te ao.

He maha nga mahi rongonui inaianei i mahia tuatahitia e te New York Philharmonic Orchestra, i roto i enei: Dvořák's 9th Symphony (“From the New World”), IF Stravinsky's Symphony in 3 parts, Gershwin's Piano Concerto, etc.

Ko te New York Philharmonic Orchestra he tino awhina ki te whanaketanga o te ao puoro i Amerika. I New York anake ka tukuna e te kaiwaiata i ia tau 120 nga konohete, e mahi ana me nga kaupapa reo irirangi mo nga taiohi. Mai i te tau 1930, kei te haereere te New York Philharmonic Orchestra ki nga whenua maha (i te USSR i te tau 1959, 1976).

Mai i te tau 2002 ki te tau 2009 na Lorin Maazel te kaiwaiata. Mai i te tau 2009 ki tenei wa – Alan Gilbert.

IM Markov

Kaihautū Orchestra:

1842-1849 – Ureli Corelli Hill 1849-1854 – Theodor Eisfeld 1854-1855 – Theodor Eisfeld and Henry Timm 1855-1856 – Carl Bergman 1856-1858 – Theodor Eisfeld 1858-1859 – Theodor Eisfeld and Henry Timm 1859-1865 – Carl Bergman 1865-1876 – Theodor Eisfeld 1876-1877 –1877 Carl Bergman 1878-1878 –1879 Carl Bergman 1879-1891 –1891 Carl Bergman -1898 – Carl Bergman 1898-1902 – Leopold Damrosch 1902-1903 — Theodore Thomas 1906-1909 – Adolf Neuendorf 1909-1911 — Theodore Thomas 1911-1923 – Anton Seidl 1922-1930 – Anton Seidl 1928-1936 – Vasily Safonov 1936—1941 — Gustav Mahler 1943-1947 – Josef Stransky 1947-1949 – Willem Mengelberg 1949—1950 — Arturo Toscanini 1949-1958 – John Barbirolli 1958-1969 – Willem Mengelberg 1969—1970 — Arturo Toscanini 1971-1977 – John Barbirolli 1978-1991 1991 – 2002-2002 Bruno Stokowski 2009-2009 – Dimitris Mitropoulos XNUMX-XNUMX — Leonard Bernstein XNUMX-XNUMX – George Sell XNUMX-XNUMX – Pierre Boulez XNUMX—XNUMX — Zubin Meta XNUMX-XNUMX – Kurt Londres MasurXNUMX — Kurt MasurXNUMX — Kurt MasurXNUMX Gillane