Yuri Khatuevich Temirkanov |

Yuri Temirkanov

I whanau i te Hakihea 10, 1938 i Nalchik. Ko tana papa, ko Temirkanov Khatu Sagidovich, te tumuaki o te Tari Toi o te Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Republic, he hoa ki te kaitito waiata Sergei Prokofiev, i mahi i te wa o te 1941 o te rerenga i Nalchik. Ko tetahi waahanga o te roopu o te Whare Taonga Toi rongonui o Moscow i whakatahia i konei, i roto i enei ko Nemirovich-Danchenko, Kachalov, Moskvin, Knipper-Chekhova, i mahi i roto i te whare tapere o te taone. Ko te taiao o tona papa me te ahua o te whare tapere i noho hei hikoi mo te kaiwaiata a meake nei ki te waia ki nga tikanga teitei.

Ko nga kaiako tuatahi o Yuri Temirkanov ko Valery Fedorovich Dashkov me Truvor Karlovich Sheybler. Ko te mea whakamutunga he akonga a Glazunov, he paetahi o te Petrograd Conservatory, he kaitito waiata me te kaitoi korero, he nui tana whai waahi ki te whakawhanuitanga o nga waahi toi a Yuri. I te mutunga o te kura a Temirkanov, ka whakatauhia he pai ake mo ia ki te haere tonu i ana akoranga i te taone nui o Neva. Na i Nalchik, ko Yuri Khatuevich Temirkanov i whakatauhia te huarahi ki Leningrad, te pa i hanga ai ia hei kaiwaiata me te tangata.

I te tau 1953, ka uru a Yuri Temirkanov ki te Kura Waiata Motuhake Tuarua i te Leningrad Conservatory, i roto i te akomanga violin a Mikhail Mikhailovich Belyakov.

I muri mai i te kura, i ako a Temirkanov i te Leningrad Conservatory (1957-1962). I ako i roto i te akomanga viola, i arahina e Grigory Isaevich Ginzburg, i haere a Yuri ki nga akomanga whakahaere a Ilya Aleksandrovich Musin me Nikolai Semenovich Rabinovich. Ko te tuatahi i whakaatu ki a ia te hangarau uaua o te mahi a te kaitarai, ko te tuarua i whakaako ia ia ki te aro nui ki te mahi a te kaiarahi. Na tenei i akiaki a Y.Temirkanov ki te haere tonu i tana ako.

Mai i te 1962 ki te 1968, he akonga ano a Temirkanov, katahi ano he akonga paetahi o te tari whakahaere. I muri i tana tohu i te tau 1965 mai i te karaehe o te opera me te symphony e whakahaere ana, ka timata ia ki te mahi tuatahi i te Leningrad Maly Opera and Ballet Theatre i te whakaari "La Traviata" na G. Verdi. I roto i etahi atu tino mahi kaiarataki i aua tau ko Donizetti's Love Potion (1968), Gershwin's Porgy and Bess (1972).

I te tau 1966, ko Temirkanov, 28-tau-tawhito, i toa i te tohu tuatahi i te whakataetae II All-Union Conducting Competition i Moscow. I muri tonu mai i te whakataetae, i haere ia ki te haerenga ki Amerika me K. Kondrashin, D. Oistrakh me te Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra.

Mai i te tau 1968 ki te 1976 ko Yuri Temirkanov te kaiarahi i te Academic Symphony Orchestra o te Leningrad Philharmonic. Mai i te tau 1976 ki te 1988 ko ia te kaiwhakahaere toi me te kaiwhakahaere matua o te Kirov (ko te Mariinsky inaianei) Opera me Ballet Theatre. I raro i tana kaiarahi, ka whakahaerehia e te whare tapere nga mahi rongonui penei i te "War and Peace" na S. Prokofiev (1977), "Dead Souls" na R. Shchedrin (1978), "Peter I" (1975), "Pushkin" (1979) me Mayakovsky Begins by A. Petrov (1983), Eugene Onegin (1982) and The Queen of Spades by PI Tchaikovsky (1984), Boris Godunov by MP Mussorgsky (1986), which became important events in the musical life of the country and marked na nga tohu teitei. Ko te hunga e aroha ana ki te waiata ehara i a Leningrad anake, engari he maha atu ano nga taone i moemoea kia tae ki enei whakaaturanga!

Ko te kaiwhakahaere toi o te Bolshoi Drama Theatre GA Tovstonogov, i muri i tana whakarongo ki a "Eugene Onegin" i Kirovsky, ka kii ki a Temirkanov: "Ka pehea te pai o te kopere i te mutunga o Onegin ..." (I muri i nga kupu "Aue, taku pouri!")

I te taha o te roopu whare tapere, he maha nga haerenga a Temirkanov ki nga whenua maha o Uropi, mo te wa tuatahi i roto i te hitori o te roopu rongonui - ki Ingarangi, me Japan me te USA. Ko ia te tuatahi ki te whakauru i nga konohete symphony me te orchestra o te Kirov Theatre. I angitu a Y. Temirkanov i runga i te maha o nga waahanga opera rongonui.

I te 1988, i pootihia a Yuri Temirkanov hei kaiwhakahaere matua me te kaiwhakahaere toi o te Huihuinga Honore o Russia - te Academic Symphony Orchestra o te St. Petersburg Philharmonic i tapaina ki a DD Shostakovich. “Kei te whakahīhī ahau ki te tū hei kaihautū whiriwhiri. Ki te kore ahau e pohehe, koinei te wa tuatahi i roto i te hitori o te ahurea puoro i whakatauhia e te roopu ake ma wai e arahi. Tae noa ki tenei wa, kua tohua nga kaiwhakahaere katoa "mai i runga," e kii ana a Yuri Temirkanov mo tana pooti.

I reira to Temirkanov i haamau ai i te hoê o ta ’na mau parau tumu: “Eita e nehenehe ia outou ia faariro i te feia faata‘i upaupa ei taata faatupu matapo i te hinaaro o te tahi atu taata. Ko te whai waahi anake, ko te mohio anake kei te mahi tahi tatou katoa, ka taea te whakaputa i te hua e hiahiatia ana. A kaore ia i tatari roa. I raro i te kaiarahi o Yu.Kh. Temirkanov, te mana me te rongonui o te St. Petersburg Philharmonic nui haere faahiahia. I te tau 1996 i mohiotia ko te whakahaere konohete pai rawa atu i Russia.

Kua mahi a Yuri Temirkanov me te maha o nga kaiwaiata puoro nui rawa atu o te ao: te Philadelphia Orchestra, te Concertgebouw (Amsterdam), Cleveland, Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Santa Cecilia, Philharmonic Orchestras: Berlin, Vienna, etc.

Mai i te tau 1979, ko Y. Temirkanov te kaiarahi manuhiri matua o te Philadelphia me London Royal Orchestras, a mai i te tau 1992 ko ia te kaiarahi o muri. Na ko Yuri Temirkanov te Tumuaki Kaitohutohu Manuhiri o te Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra (mai i te 1994), te Danish National Radio Symphony Orchestra (mai i te 1998). I te whakanui i te rua tekau o nga tau o tana mahi tahi me te London Royal Orchestra, ka waiho e ia te pou o te kaiwhakahaere matua, me te pupuri i te taitara o te Kaiwhakahaere Honore o tenei roopu.

I muri i nga huihuinga hoia i Afghanistan, ko Y. Temirkanov te kaiarahi tuatahi o Rūhia ki te haere ki te United States i runga i te tono a te New York Philharmonic, a i te 1996 i Roma i whakahaerehia e ia he konohete tiupiri hei whakanui i te 50 tau o te UN. I te marama o Hanuere 2000, ka noho a Yuri Temirkanov hei Kaiwhakahaere Matua me te Kaiwhakahaere Toi o te Baltimore Symphony Orchestra (USA).

Ko Yuri Temirkanov tetahi o nga kaiarahi tino nui o te rautau 60. Kua whiti i te paepae o tana huritau XNUMXth, ko te maestro kei te taumata o te rongonui, te rongonui me te mohiotanga o te ao. Ka harikoa ia ki te hunga whakarongo ki te ahua kanapa, te kaha o te whakaaro, te hohonu me te rahi o nga whakaaro whakaari. "He kaiarahi tenei e huna ana i te hiahia i raro i te ahua kino. Ko ana tohu he mea ohorere, engari he aukati tonu, me tana ahua whakairo, te hanga i te papatipu oro me ona maihao oro e hanga ana i te puoro nui o nga rau kaiwaiata" ("Eslain Pirene"). "Ki tonu i te ataahua, ka mahi tahi a Temirkanov me tetahi kaiwaiata i hono ai tona oranga, tana mahi, me tona ahua ..." ("La Stampa").

Ko te ahua auaha a Temirkanov he mea taketake me te tohuhia e tona ahua kanapa. Ka aro nui ia ki nga ahuatanga o nga kaitito waiata o nga waa rereke, me te ngawari ki te whakamaori i a raatau puoro. Ko tana tohungatanga e tohuhia ana e te tikanga a te kaiarahi virtuoso, i raro i te maarama hohonu ki te hiahia o te kaituhi. Ko te mahi a Yuri Temirkanov ki te whakatairanga i nga puoro puoro me nga waiata hou a Ruhia he mea tino nui ki Russia me etahi atu whenua o te ao.

He mea whakamiharo te kaha o te maestro ki te hono atu ki tetahi roopu puoro me te whakatutuki i te otinga o nga mahi tino uaua.

He maha nga CD i tuhia e Yuri Temirkanov. I te tau 1988, i hainatia e ia he kirimana motuhake me te tapanga rekoata BMG. Kei roto i te whakaaturanga whanui nga rekoata me te Academic Symphony Orchestra o te Leningrad Philharmonic, me te London Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, me te New York Philharmonic…

I roto i te 1990, tahi me Columbia Artists, Temirkanov tuhia he Gala Concert whakatapua ki te 150th huritau o te whanautanga o PI Tchaikovsky, i roto i nei i whai wāhi nga kaiwaiata Yo-Yo Ma, I. Perlman, J. Norman.

Ko nga rekoata o nga waiata a S. Prokofiev mo te kiriata "Alexander Nevsky" (1996) me te Symphony No. 7 (1998) a D. Shostakovich i tohua mo te Sgatt Prize.

Ka tohatoha a Yuri Temirkanov i ona pukenga ki nga kaiarahi taitamariki. He ahorangi ia i te St. Petersburg Conservatory i tapaina ki a NA Rimsky-Korsakov, he ahorangi honore i te maha o nga whare wananga o tawahi, tae atu ki tetahi mema honore o te US International Academy of Sciences, Industry, Education and Art. Ka whakawhiwhia e ia nga karaehe rangatira i te Curtis Institute (Philadelphia), me te Manhattan School of Music (New York), i te Academia Chighana (Siena, Itari).

Yu.Kh. Temirkanov – Toi Tangata o te USSR (1981), Toi Tangata o te RSFSR (1976), Toi Tangata o te Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR (1973), Toi Whakahonoretia o te RSFSR (1971), e rua nga toa o te USSR State Prizes (1976). , 1985), i whakawhiwhia ki te Tohu a te Kawanatanga o te RSFSR i tapaina ki te ingoa o MI Glinka (1971). I whakawhiwhia ia ki nga Tohu o Lenin (1983), "Mo te Kaiaka ki te Matua" III tohu (1998), te Ota Bulgarian o Cyril me Methodius (1998).

Na te ahua o ana mahi, me korero a Temirkanov ki nga tangata tino whakamiharo me nga tangata marama, nga tangata rongonui o te kainga me nga iwi ke o te ahurea me te toi. I whakahīhī, i whakahīhī hoki ia mō tana whakahoahoa me I. Menuhin, B. Pokrovsky, P. Kogan, A. Schnittke, G. Kremer, R. Nureyev, M. Plisetskaya, R. Shchedrin, I. Brodsky, V. Tretyakov, M Rostropovich, S. Ozawa me te maha atu o nga kaiwaiata me nga kaitoi.

E noho ana, e mahi ana i St.