Birgit Nilsson |

Birgit Nilsson

Ko Birgit Nilsson he kaiwaiata opera Huitene me te soprano whakaari. Ko tetahi o nga kaiwaiata opera rongonui o te haurua tuarua o te rautau 20. I whakawhiwhia ia ki te whakanui motuhake hei kaiwhakamaori rongonui mo nga waiata a Wagner. I te tihi o tana mahi, i tino miharo a Nilsson ki te kaha o tona reo i whakapouri i te kaiwaiata, me te kaha o te mana manawa, i taea ai e ia te pupuri i tetahi tuhipoka mo te wa roa. I roto i ona hoa mahi i mohiotia ia mo tona ahua whakakatakata me tona ahua rangatira.

I whanau a Marta Birgit Nilsson i te 17 o Mei, 1918 i roto i te whanau kaiahuwhenua me te noho i tona tamarikitanga katoa i runga i te paamu i te taone o Vestra Karup, i te kawanatanga o Skane, 100 kiromita mai i te pa o Malmö. Karekau he hiko, he wai rere ranei i te paamu, penei i nga tamariki kaiahuwhenua katoa, mai i te tamarikitanga ka awhina ia i ona matua ki te whakahaere i te whare – ki te whakato me te hauhake huawhenua, miraka kau, tiaki kararehe me te mahi i nga mahi o te whare. Ko ia anake te tamaiti i roto i te whanau, a, ko te hiahia o te papa o Birgit, a Nils Peter Swenson, ko ia hei whakakapi mo tenei mahi. He tino pai a Birgit ki te waiata mai i tana tamarikitanga, a, i roto i ana ake kupu, i timata ia ki te waiata i mua i tana hikoi, i riro mai i a ia tana taranata mai i tona whaea a Justina Paulson, he reo ataahua tona reo, he mohio ki te whakatangi i te korikori. I te wha o ona ra whanau, ka hoatu e Birgit, he kaimahi utu, tata tonu hoki te mema o te whanau Otto, he piana takaro ki a ia, i te kitenga o tana hiahia ki te puoro, kaore i roa ka hoatu e tona papa he okana ki a ia. I tino whakahīhī ngā mātua ki te pūmanawa o tā rāua tamāhine, ā, he maha tonu ana waiata i ngā konohete i te kāinga mō ngā manuhiri, hararei kāinga me te kura tuatahi. I a ia e taiohi ana, mai i te 14 o ona tau, i mahi ia i roto i te roopu waiata a te hahi me te roopu whare tapere runaruna i te taone tata o Bastad. I aro a Kantor ki ona kaha me te whakaatu i a Birgit ki tetahi kaiako waiata me te waiata mai i te taone nui o Astorp Ragnar Blenov, nana i mohio tonu ona kaha me te kii: "Ka tino waiata te kotiro." I te tau 1939, i ako ia ki te waiata ki a ia, a, ka tohutohu ia ki a ia kia kaha ake te whakawhanake i ona pukenga.

I te tau 1941, ka uru a Birgit Nilsson ki te Royal Academy of Music i Stockholm. I whakahē te papa ki tenei whiringa, i tumanako ia ka haere tonu a Birgit i tana mahi me te tuku i to raatau ohanga kaha, kaore ia i whakaae ki te utu mo tana ako. Ko te moni mo te matauranga na te whaea i tohatoha mai i ana moni penapena. Engari, kaore a Justina i kaha ki te tino koa ki te angitu o tana tamahine, i te tau 1949 i tukitukia ia e te motuka, na tenei huihuinga i pakaru a Birgit, engari i kaha ake to raua hononga ki tona papa.

I te tau 1945, i a ia e ako tonu ana i te whare wananga, ka tutaki a Birgit ki a Bertil Niklason, he tauira i te whare wananga kararehe, i runga i te tereina, ka aroha tonu raua, kare i roa ka tono ia ki a ia, i te tau 1948 ka marena raua. I noho tahi a Birgit raua ko Bertil i to raua oranga katoa. I etahi wa ka haere ia i te taha o ia ki etahi haerenga huri noa i te ao, engari he maha ake te noho me te mahi ki te kainga. Kare a Bertil i tino aro ki te waiata, heoi, i whakapono tonu ia ki nga pukenga a tana wahine, me tana tautoko i a Birgit i roto i ana mahi, pera i tana tautoko i ana mahi. Kare a Birgit i korero i te kainga me tana tane: "Ka taea e enei unahi mutungakore te whakangaro i te nuinga o nga marena, i te nuinga ranei o nga uaua," ko tana korero. I te kainga, ka kitea e ia te rangimarie me te korero i ona whakaaro ki a Bertil, i maioha ia ki tana mahi ki a ia ano he wahine noa, a kaore i waiho he "opera diva nui" ki runga i te turanga. Karekau a raua tamariki.

I te Royal Academy, ko nga kaiako reo a Birgit Nilsson ko Joseph Hislop me Arne Sanegard. Heoi, i whakaaro ia ko ia ano te ako i a ia ano, ka kii: "Ko te kaiako pai rawa atu ko te atamira." I pouri ia i tana ako moata me te kii i tana angitu na te taranata maori: "I tata te mate o taku kaiako waiata tuatahi, ko te tuarua he ahua kino."

Ko te mahi tuatahi a Birgit Nilsson i runga i te atamira opera i tu i te Royal Opera House i Stockholm i te tau 1946, i te mahi a Agatha i te "Free Shooter" a KM Weber, i karangatia ia e toru nga ra i mua i te whakaaturanga ki te whakakapi i te kaitapere wahine mate. Ko te Kaiwhakahaere Leo Blech i tino pouri ki ana mahi, a mo etahi wa kaore ia i whakawhirinaki ki etahi atu mahi. I te tau i muri mai (1947) i eke angitu ia ki te whakamatautau, i tenei wa ka nui te wa, ka tino rite ia ki te mahi i te taitara o te wahine a Verdi's Lady Macbeth i raro i te ringa o Fritz Busch. I riro ia ia te tohu a te hunga whakarongo o Huitene me te whai waahi ki te roopu whare tapere. I Stockholm, i hanga e ia he repertoire pumau o nga mahi waiata-whakaari, tae atu ki a Donna Anna mai i a Mozart's Don Giovanni, Verdi's Aida, Puccini's Tosca, Sieglind no Wagner's Valkyrie, Marshall mai i Strauss's The Rosenkavalier me etahi atu, e mahi ana i te reo Huitene. reo.

Ko tetahi mahi nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te mahi ao o Birgit Nilsson i takarohia e Fritz Busch, nana i whakaatu ia ia i te Glyndebourne Opera Festival i te tau 1951 hei Elektra mai i Mozart's Idomeneo, Kingi o Kariti. I te tau 1953, i timata a Nilsson ki te Vienna State Opera - he hurihanga i roto i tana mahi, ka mahi tonu ia ki reira mo te neke atu i te 25 tau. I muri mai ko nga mahi a Elsa o Brabant i Wagner's Lohengrin i te Huihuinga Bayreuth me tana Brunnhilde tuatahi i roto i te huringa katoa o Der Ring des Nibelungen i te Bavarian State Opera. I te tau 1957, ka timata tana mahi tuatahi ki Covent Garden i taua mahi ano.

Ko tetahi o nga huihuinga nui i roto i te oranga auaha o Birgit Nilsson e whakaaro ana ki te powhiri ki te whakatuwheratanga o te wa opera i La Scala i te tau 1958, i te mahi a Princess Turandot G. Puccini, i taua wa ko ia te tuarua o nga kaiwaiata kore-Itari i roto hitori i muri i a Maria Callas, i whakawhiwhia ki te whakatuwheratanga o te waa i La Scala. I te tau 1959, i puta tuatahi a Nilsson ki te Metropolitan Opera hei Isolde i roto i te waiata a Wagner's Tristan und Isolde, a, i angitu a Kirsten Flagstad ki te repertoire a Wagner.

Ko Birgit Nilsson te kaiwaiata Wagnerian rangatira o ona ra. Heoi, he maha atu ano nga mahi rongonui i mahia e ia. Kua whakatangihia e ia tata ki nga whare opera nui katoa o te ao, tae atu ki Moscow, Vienna, Berlin, London, New York, Paris, Milan, Chicago, Tokyo, Hamburg, Munich, Florence, Buenos Aires me etahi atu. Ka rite ki nga kaiwaiata opera katoa, i tua atu i nga mahi whakaari, i tukuna e Birgit Nilsson nga konohete takitahi. Ko tetahi o nga mahi konohete tino rongonui a Birgit Nilsson ko te konohete me te Sydney Symphony Orchestra i whakahaerehia e Charles Mackeras me te kaupapa "All Wagner". Koinei te konohete whakatuwhera mana tuatahi o te Whare Konohete Whare Opera o Poihakena i te tau 25 i te aroaro o Kuini Irihapeti II.

He roa rawa te mahi a Birgit Nilsson, kua tata ki te wha tekau tau tana mahi puta noa i te ao. I te tau 1982, i puta a Birgit Nilsson i tana whakaaturanga whakamutunga ki te atamira opera i Frankfurt am Main hei Elektra. He poroporoaki nui ki te atamira i whakaritea me te opera "Woman Without a Shadow" na R. Strauss i te Vienna State Opera, heoi, i whakakorea e Birgit te whakaaturanga. No reira, ko te whakaaturanga i Frankfurt te mea whakamutunga i te atamira opera. I te tau 1984, i haere ia i tana haerenga konohete whakamutunga ki Tiamana, ka mutu ka mahue i a ia nga puoro nui. I hoki mai a Birgit Nilsson ki tona whenua, ka mau tonu i nga konohete aroha, i uru mai nga kaiwaiata rangatahi, mo te hapori puoro o te rohe, i timata i te tau 1955 ka rongonuihia e te tini o te hunga aroha opera. I whakahaerehia e ia tana konohete whakamutunga hei kaiwhakangahau i te tau 2001.

I ora a Birgit Nilsson i te wa roa, me te tino kaupapa. I mate marie ia ki tona kainga i te Hakihea 25, 2005, i te 87 o ona tau. Ko ana waiata kei te whakahihiri tonu i nga kaihaka, i nga kaiwhaiwhai me te hunga aroha orooro huri noa i te ao.

Ko nga painga o Birgit Nilsson e maiohatia ana e te maha o nga tohu a te kawanatanga me te iwi mai i nga whenua rereke, tae atu ki a Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, Austria, Norway, USA, England, Spain me etahi atu. He mema honore ia mo etahi whare wananga puoro me nga hapori. Kei te whakamahere a Sweden ki te whakaputa i tetahi putea 2014-krona i te 500 me te whakaahua o Birgit Nilsson.

I whakaritea e Birgit Nilsson he putea hei tautoko i nga kaiwaiata waiata a Huitene me te tohu i a ratou he karahipi mai i te putea. I whakawhiwhia te karahipi tuatahi i te tau 1973, ka utua tonutia tae noa ki naianei. Na taua turanga ano i whakarite te "Birgit Nilsson Award", mo te tangata kua tutuki, i roto i te tikanga whanui, tetahi mea whakamiharo i roto i te ao opera. Ka whakawhiwhia tenei tohu ia 2-3 tau, he kotahi miriona taara, ko te tohu nui rawa atu mo te puoro. E ai ki te hiahia o Birgit Nilsson, i timata te tohu ki te whakawhiwhia i nga tau e toru i muri i tona matenga, i whiriwhiria e ia te rangatira tuatahi, a ko ia ko Placido Domingo, he kaiwaiata rongonui me tana hoa i te atamira opera, nana i whiwhi te tohu i te tau 2009 mai nga ringa o Kingi Charles XVI o Sweden. Ko te tuarua i whakawhiwhia ki te tohu i te tau 2011 ko Riccardo Muti te kaiwhakahaere.